Abstract
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This is the fourth in a series of five reports that together use the Growing Up in New Zealand(GUiNZ) longitudinal survey data to explore how the inability to access affordable childcareaffects the long run labour market outcomes of mothers. This report investigates therelationship between issues with access to childcare when a child is young and mothers’ paidwork at the same date.When their child is 9 months or 2 years old, 10-11% of GUiNZ mothers report not working due atleast in part to childcare access issues. We find a lack of access to childcare is strongly associatedwith the mother not working due to childcare issues. However, a fifth to a quarter of motherswhose children are not in care due to access do work, and some mothers whose children are inchildcare still report they are unable to work due to childcare issues. This suggests childcareavailability may not be sufficient to enable mothers to work, and longer hours or more flexibilityof childcare is also required. Mothers who work despite a lack of childcare access are more likelyto have returned for financial or leave-related reasons, to be self-employed, and to work hoursother than regular business hours on weekdays. This emphasises that childcare providers do notcater well to the nearly 50% of working mothers of young children who work irregular hours.

Finally, we estimate that Aotearoa New Zealand mothers with children under age three who arenot working only because they can’t access affordable childcare may be foregoing $116 millionor more of wages each year, $32 million of which is attributable to Māori mothers, and $11million of which is attributable to Pasifika mothers. This amounts to an annual average of $660of wages foregone per mother with a child under 3 years old, $830 per such Māori mother, and$540 per such Pasifika mother.